Some parts of the energy system are particularly difficult to decarbonize, including aviation, long-distance transport, steel and cement production, and provision of a reliable electricity supply. Current technologies and pathways show promise, but integration of now-discrete energy sectors and industrial processes is vital to achieve minimal emissions.

Changes in precipitation variability on global grazing lands over the last century measured as the between-year coefficient of variation of precipitation (CVP). Increases in CVP, especially in arid grazing lands, may lead to increased risk to livestock production. However, CVP trends should be interpreted with caution, as the actual changes in risk depend on the starting conditions and on-the-ground realities.

Map showing the largest interregional fluxes of emissions embodied in trade (Mt CO₂ per year) from dominant net exporting countries (blue) to the dominant net importing countries (red) as of the year 2004. Fluxes to and from Western Europe are aggregated to include the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Spain, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, and Sweden.

Plot shows the future trend in global annual CO₂ emissions that can be anticipated to come from existing energy and transportation infrastructure by industry sector (as of 2010). Numbers in shaded areas are in cumulative Gt of CO₂.